These papers include correspondence concerning the publication and republication of Wood's "Dispensatory of the United States" and "Treatise on Therapeutics and Pharmacology, or Materia Medica" by J.B. Lippincott & Co. Also included are twelve diplomas and certificates of membership in American and European professional societies.

This is Taylor's dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Edinburgh. It was originally published in Latin (Edinburgh, 1800), and John Brandreth made this English translation for a friend in 1830.

Letters (including some transcripts and photostats) from and to Vaughan from many American and British correspondents, including: Also personal correspondence and business papers of Benjamin, Charles, Petty, Samuel Sr., Samuel Jr., William, William Oliver, and Sarah Vaughan (2 boxes); lectures, mostly in shorthand (3 vols.); a large number of notes and memoranda on a wide variety of topics, such as agriculture, architecture, astronomy, diplomacy, diseases, dueling, electricity, hieroglyphs, internal improvements, medicine, meteorology, land, manufactures, politics, punctuation, religion, silk-manufacturing, stock-breeding, taxation, Unitarianism, Benjamin Franklin, John Locke, Napoleon I, Joseph Priestley, Bowdoin College, town of Hallowell, Maine; notes on the peace negotiations, 1782-1783; miscellaneous legal papers; genealogy of the Abbott-Vaughan families. For a personal account of the collection, see Mrs. Mary Vaughan Marvin, "The Benjamin Vaughan Papers," APS Proceedings 95 (1951): 246-249.